![]() Retinal pigment epithelium- It is a single layer that is composed of cuboidal epithelial cells and is closest to the choroid layer. There are around 11 layers in the retina from outside to inside. The optic nerve constitutes a ganglionic cell axon that travels to the brain to send signals. The retina is a 0.5 mm thick layer that covers the back of the eyeball. Their main function is to carry the signals from the rods cells to the ganglionic cells. It carries the electrical signal from the bipolar cells and analyzes the shape, contrast as well as color of the object.Īmacrine cells: These cells connect the retinal ganglionic cells and bipolar cells. Ganglionic cells: They originate from forming the optic nerve fiber, which is involved in conveying the information to the brain in the form of an electrical signal. These cells aid in regulating and integrating the input from various photoreceptor cells and enhance the visual acuity.īipolar cells: These cells link the photoreceptor cell with the ganglionic cells and transmit the electrical information to several other cells of the retina. Horizontal cells: These connect the dendrimers of the bipolar cells, and they are also linked with the photoreceptors. They are more active in the bright light or during daytime and are responsible for color vision. The macula region of the eye constitutes cone cells. Rod cells are more active in dim light, i.e., during the night and are used for peripheral vision. They are involved in the conversion of light into electrical signals, so that the brain could recognize those signals. Photoreceptors: The rods and cones are known as photoreceptor cells. The retina is composed of different types of cells. The major function of the retina is the transformation of energy from one form to another. The photosensitive ganglionic cell is crucial for the entrainment of the papillary light reflex. The rod cells function in the dim light, while the cone cells function in bright light. ![]() The rods and cones cells together form the photoreceptive layer. It is supported by the bipolar cells that send appendages to link the first and third layers of the retina. The retina is made up of numerous neurons that are interconnected with each other via synapses. ![]() The optics of the eyes are believed to construct a two-dimensional image on the retina, which gets converted into an electrical neural impulse and are sent to the brain via the optic nerve to generate a visual perception. It constitutes retinal blood vessels that supply blood to this layer, and the central portion of the retina, which is responsible for vision, called the macula. The retina is considered as a light-sensitive layer.
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